LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS) of The Story of Village Palampur Class 9th Social Science Economics

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)

Q.1. Why it is necessary to increase the area under cultivation? Explain.
Ans.(a) Farming – main activity : In Palampur, farming is the main activity as 75% of population
earn their living through farming. Unfortunately, not all people engaged in farming have
sufficient land for cultivation. So it is necessary to increase area under cultivation.
(b)Use of modern farming methods : Use of HYV seeds, improved methods of irrigation,
pesticides, insecticides and chemical fertilisers and new harvesting techniques require
larger farming land area of cultivation. In small area, they are not successful and the cost
involved is also high.
(c) Land area under cultivation is fixed in Palampur. Since 1960, in Palampur, there has been
no expansion in land area. So some of the wastelands in the village had been converted
to cultivable land. More alternatives are required of such type.
Q.2. What is the main source of capital for medium and large farmers? How is it different
from the small farmers? Explain.
Ans.(a) Surplus wheat selling : Main source of capital for medium and large farmers is supply
of surplus wheat in market as they own large area of cultivable land. They retain part of
wheat for their own use and sell rest of wheat in market. While for small farmers, no
surplus wheat is available so they arrange capital from large farmers or village
moneylenders or the traders.
(b)Extra work to landowner or large farmers : In order to get loan from landowner or large
farmers they have to pay higher interest rates and also extra work on their fields to repay
the loan, while medium and large farmers can devote their full time to their own land.
Q.3. Why modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry?
Explain.
Ans.(a) A modern farming method requires higher investment : Use of HYV seeds, pesticides,
insecticides, electric tubewells etc. require more initial investment as all are costly affairs.
(b) HYV seeds require more water, chemical fertilisers : HYV seeds would give higher
yield only in combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc.
(c)More electricity consumption : Use of electric tubewells, mechanical harvesters require
more electricity for their operation to produce better results.
Q.4. What were the main terms on which Savita got a loan from Tejpal Singh? How can
Savita be benefitted if she gets a loan from the bank?
Ans. Savita arranged money for capital from a big farmer – Tejpal Singh, who belongs
to the same village.
Main terms decided to get loan of Rs 3000.
(a) Interest rate of 24%.
(b) Loan given for the period of 4 months.
(c) Extra work to be done by Savita on Tejpal Singh’s field.
(d) Tejpal Singh would give her Rs 35 per day as wages.
These conditions were very tough for a small farmer like Savita but these had to be agreed
upon. If she could arrange money from cooperative society or bank she could repay the
loan in easy instalments on reasonable interest rate of 16–18% and no need to put extra
working hours on other’s land.
Q.5. What was the basic aim of the ‘Green Revolution’ in India? How did it affect the market
economy?
Ans.The introduction of HYV seeds and the increased use of fertilisers and irrigation are known
collectively as the Green Revolution which was associated with increase in production of food
grains in India and make India self-sufficient in foodgrains.
Impact of Green Revolution on market economy
(a) Increased production of foodgrains like wheat and rice : Foodgrain yields continued
to increase throughout the 1980s. In financial year 1980, almost 75 percent of the total
cropped area under wheat was sown with HYV seeds.
(b)Increased income disparities, higher income growth and reduced incidence of
poverty: Green revolution has increased income disparities, higher income growth and
reduced incidence of poverty.
Q.6. What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land. Explain
any four points. [2010 (T-1)]
OR
What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land. Explain
with the help of examples.
OR
State four steps of optimal utilisation of land.
Ans.Land area under cultivation is fixed. So, the ways of increasing farm produce on the same
piece of land are :
(i)Multiple cropping : It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece
of land. Under it, more than one crop is grown on the same piece of land during the year.
Indian farmers should grow atlest two main crops in a year. Some farmers have been
growing a third crop also over the past twenty years.
(ii) Green Revolution : It was brought in India in the late 1960s, the use of HYV (High
Yielding Variety) seeds for increase in production of rice and wheat. It promised to
produce much greater amount of grains on a single plant.
(iii)Use of modern technology : By the use of well developed able to cultivate their land with
greater efficiency. Farmers use pumpsets for irrigation, threshers for threshing, harvesters
for harvesting, tractors for floughing etc.
(iv)Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides : Use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides
improves fertility of soil and reduces pest respectively for the particular period of
production. This improves the quantity of production.
Q.7. Who provides labour for farming in Palampur? How are they paid for their work?
[2010 (T-1)]
Ans.After land, labour is the second most necessary factor for production. Small farmers along with
the other numbers of their family cultivate their own fields. Thus, they provide the labour
required for farming themselves. Medium and large scale farmers hire farm labourers to work
on their fields.
Farm labourers either engaged from landless families or the families cultivating small piece of
land.
Farm labourers do not have any right over the crops grown on the land. They are paid in the
following ways :
(i) Wages are paid to them in form of cash or kind, i.e., crops.
(ii) Government has set up minimum wages for farm labourers to be Rs 60 per day but
unfortunately they do not get this much and are mostly exploited.
(iii) Sometimes poor farm labourers work for meal also.
(iv) Sometimes they are employed on daily basis and sometimes for the whole year. Thus,
durations of their employment is not fixed.
Q.8. What are the four requirements for production of goods and services? Explain.
OR [2010 (T-1)]
What are the four requirements of production? Explain with examples.
Ans.There are four requirements of production of goods and services. These requirements are
known as factors of production.
These are :
(i) Land : By land we mean not only the level surface but all gifts of nature which are
amenable to human control, such as water, forests, minerals etc.
(ii)Labour : Manpower required to do the work. The mental and physical work done by
people in an organisation comes under labour.
(iii)Physical Capital : It means a variety of inputs required at every stage during production.
They can be classified as :
(a)Fixed capital : It includes tools, machines and building that can be used for
production for many years.
(b)Working capital : Money in land and raw material that has to be used in current
products are included in working capital.
(iv)Enterprise : It means need of knowledge and enterprise to put together all other factors
of production and ability to sell the produce in the market. This is also called human
capital.

etc have made the implementation of green revolution possible in the environment.
(iii)Use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides : Unlike traditional fertilisers and manures, use
of chemical fertilisers has increased as a requirement with HYV seeds which improves the
quality and quantity of the produce.
Q.10. Explain any two positive and two negative effects of Green Revolution. [2010 (T-1)]
OR
Explain two achievements and two drawbacks of Green Revolution in Indian agriculture.
Ans.Green Revolution was started in the late 1960s with an aim of achieving self sufficiency in the
production of grains like wheat and rice.
Two positive effects and achievements of green revolution are :
(i)Increase in productivity of grains : Use of HYV seeds produced much more amount of
wheat and rice in comparison to traditional seeds.
(ii)Modernisation of agriculture : HYV seeds required well-developed irrigation, use of
chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Use of farm machinery has also encouraged in the
green revolution which resulted in development and modernisaton of agriculture. It also
increased the surplus in the field of agriculture.
Two Negative effects and drawbacks of Green Revolution :
(i)Decline in fertility of soil : Too much use of chemical fertilisers resulted in decline of
fertility of soil. Farmers have to use more and more chemical fertilisers which increases
the lost of production.
(ii)Level of groundwater : Use of groundwater for cultivation with the help of tubwells have
caused decline in level of ground water.
Q.11. What are the difficulties faced by small farmers in arranging capital in comparison with
medium and large farmers. [2010 (T-1)]
Ans.Modern farming methods require a great deal of capital, so the small farmers face more
difficulties in arranging capital in comparison with mediun and large farmers.
Most of the small farmers have to borrow money from for large farmers or the village money
lenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest on such
loans is very high. This put the small farmers in great distrerss to repay the loans.
Unlike small farmers, medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They
sale their good amount of surplus and earn more income. This incomes they utilise in arranging
capital for next season of production.
Q.12. Is Palampur a developed village? Explain by presenting four arguments. [2010 (T-1)]
OR
How can you say that Palampur is a well developed village?
Ans.Palampur is a well developed village. This can be made clear from the following
arguments :
(i)Multiple cropping : Farmers of Palampur have adapted multiple cropping. They plant
three crops on a year and never leave their land idle.
(ii)Modern facilities of agriculture : They have a well developed system of irrigation.
Electricity came early in Palampur. They use modern machinery like tractors, harvesters
etc for farming. Use of HYV seeds and chemical fertilisers is also noticed in Palampur.
(iii)Markets and Education : There are small markets setup in Palampur which have all the
daily need commodities available. Kareem is also running computer classes and a good
number of students are learning there. High schools and education for women is available
here.
(iv)Transportation : People of Palampur have facilities of transporting goods to other towns
and village with a good transportation system and well developed roads.
Q.13. What are the various ways through which farmers can get loan? Write their advantages
and disadvantages. [2010 (T-1)]
Ans.Farmers can get loans through the following ways :
(i)Large farmers or village moneylenders : Most of the small farmers prefer taking loans
from large farmers or village moneylenders.Advantages of taking loans from such
sources are :
(a) They are flexible in terms and conditions of repayment and rate of interest.
(b) They know the lenders personally so get loans without collateral security.
Disadvantages :
(a) Rate of interest is very high.
(b) Small farmers are exploited and are trapped in virous circle of poverty.
(ii)Banks and coperative scieties : Although, very few number of small farmers approach
banks for loan but they provide them better services.Advantages of loans from banks and
cooperatives :
(a) No exploitation of farmers.
(b) Uniform and nominal rate of interest for all.
Disadvantages :
(a) Needs propr security and have set terms and conditions.
Q.14. Differentiate between fixed capital and working capital. State any four points.
[2010 (T-1)]
Ans.Both fixed capital and working capital are the parts of physical capital required for production.
(i)Fixed Capital :
(a) It includes fixed factors of production which are used for years.
(b) Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to
sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines etc.
(c) It includes tools, machines, buildings etc.
(d) They remain constant for many years of production and increased or decreased only
when needed.
(ii) Working Capital :
(a) It includes variable factors of production which are needed to be arranged every time
at the time of production.
(b) Whatever money and raw material required for production are included in it.
(c) It is required to be arranged according to the desired production.
(d) They are dynamic depending upon the profits and income of last season.
Q.15. Explain four efforts that can be made to increase non-farming production activities in
villages? [2010 (T-1)]
Ans. Non-farming production activities should be increased in the village. Unlike farming, non-farm
activities required very less land and capital.
(i) Loans can be made available to villagers on low rates of interest so that people with less
savings can set up non-farm activities.
(ii) Markets should be made available to sell the goods produced in non-farm activities.
(iii) Development of goods transport, communication system and proper storage of goods
should be established to increase the opportunities for non-farm activities in the village.

Various non-farm activities in Palampur village are :
(a) Dairy : It is a common activity at Palampur village. People feed their buffalos on jowar
and bajra and sold their milk in Raiganj village. Two traders from Shahpur town have set
up collection cum chilling centres at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far
away towns and cities.
(b) Small scale manufacturing units : People get involved in very simple production
methods in their homes only with their family members. They make baskets, pottery etc
small things and sell them in the markets nearby.
Shopkeepers : People get involved in trade, they buy goods from nearby whole sale markets
and sell them in the village. They sell wide range of items like sugar, tea, oil, soap etc. They
open shops for eatables near bus stands.
Transport : People also get involved in providing transportation services like rickshaws,
tongas, jeeps, tractors, trucks, bullok cart, bagey etc. The number of people involved in
transport has grown over the last several years.
Q.17. What do you mean by Green Revolution? Why was the initial impact of Green
Revolution limited to wheat and only to a few regions? [2010 (T-1)]
Ans. Green Revolution is a revolution which started in the late 1960s with an aim of achieving self
sufficiency in the production of grains like wheat and rice.
The initial impact of Green Revolution was limited to wheat and only to a few regions because
initially only the farmers of Punjab, Haryana nad Uttar Pradesh by out the modern farming
method in India. They used tubewells for irrigation and made use of HYV seeds, chemical
fertilisers and pesticides in farming. Capital required for using HYV seeds was very high.
Therefore small farmers and many backward regions could not use the modern techniques.
Results and markets for wheat were better therefore, HYV seeds were utilised more for
growing wheat initially. Use of HYV seeds require all other modern techniques of cultivation
also therefore for initial time it remained unapproachable in many backward villages and small
farmers which work without electricity or own poor farm distribution.

(i) Limited use of chemical fertilisers : Chemical fertilisers should be used in a limited
number and only as the per the requirement. Excessive use of chemical fertilisers destroys
the fertility of land.
(ii) Crop rotation : Crops should be planted in such a way that land gets time of restore its
fertility. Different nutrients are required with different lands, therefore planning of
multiple cropping should be done in such a way that the land is also able to restore the
lost nutrients.
(iii) Waste of chemical fertilisers : Waste of chemical fertilisers or pesticides should not be
thrown in the water bodies of village as this will pollute the water.
(iv) Adequate use of ground water : Ground water should be adequately used so that there
is minimum wastage of ground water