Notes Of Resources And Development Geography Class 10th

• Everything available in our earth which can be used to satisfy our needs.
• It is technologically accessible, economically jeasible and culturally acceptable.

Classification Of Resources

On The Basis Of Origin, Resources Are Classified In Two Groups:

1. Biotic: The resources which are found in the biosphere and have life example flora and fauna.
2. Abiotic: Composed of non living things. Example: Rock, metals.

On The Basis Of Exhaustibility:

1. Renewable Resources: The resources which can be renewed or reproduce. Example: water and solar energy.
2. Non-Renewable Resources: Those resources which cannot be renewed or replenished easily. Formation takes place million of year. Example: fossil fuels, minerals

On The Basis Of Ownership:

1. Individual Resources: Resources and privately by individual. Example: land by farmer.
2. Community Owned Resources: Resources which are accessible to all the members of community of playground burial ground.
3. National Resources: The resources which belong to a nation easy roadway Railway ocean water 12 nautical miles (22.3 km)
4. International Resources: The resources which do not belongs to a particular Nation. Eg: Ocean resources beyond 200 km.

On The Basis Of States Of Development:

1. Potential Resources: The resources which are founded in a region but have not been utilized. Eg: Wind and solar energy in Gujarat and Rajasthan.
2. Development Resources: The resources which are survey and their quality and quantity are determined. Eg: Tree in forest
3. Stock: The resources which have the potential to satisfy the human needs. But human do not have the technology to use them. Eg: Water (hydrogen, oxygen)
4. Reserve: The resources which can be put in the use with the help of technology. But they are use has not been started. Eg: Hydro electricity from water.

Development should take place without damaging the environment

First Earth summit-> Rio de Janeiro in 1992

It is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources.

Importance Of Resource Planning In India

• India has great diversity in the availability of resources
• Some region or self-sufficient while some other reasons has a shortage of resources. Eg: Jharkhand mineral resources, Rajasthan- no water resources.
• A balance resource planning is necessary

Resource Planning Ways

• Identification of resources by surveying, mapping, etc
• Making a planning structure with the help of technology
• Matching the resource development plans with National Development plan
• Conservation of resources-importance
• Resources are necessary for any development activity
• Overutilization and irrational consumption may lead to social economic and environmental problem.
• To overcome their problems we should conserve them.

Land Resources:

• Land is the most important natural resource. All the economic activity is performed on land.
• It supports natural vegetation and animal live human life.
• It is the finite resources.

Name The Different Relief Features And Their Uses:

• 43%- Plans (For Agriculture industry)
• 30%- mountain (water, tourism, ecology)
• 27%- Plateans (Minerals, Fossil Fuels)

• It is the most important renewable resource.
• Medium of plant growth and supports different living organisms.

Factors That Help In The Formation Of Soil:

Relief, parent rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time. The natural forces like raining, water, temperature, Wind, glaciers, etc also help.

Classification Of Soil:

Alluvial  Soil:

• It is the widely spread soil in india and the entire northern plain is made up of this soil.
• They are deposited by the three important Himalayan river system i.e Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra
• According to their age alluvial soil is of two types:

* Khadar (Newer Alluvial)

* Bangar (Older Alluvial)

• They are very fertile and contain potash, phosphoric acid and lime.
• Ideal for the cultivation of sugar cane, paddy, wheat, pulses, etc.
• Areas of alluvial soil are intensely cultivated and densely populated.

Black Soil:

• Its black in color also known as regur soil.
• This soil is idea for growing cotton, so it is known as black cotton soil.
• coelomates and parent rock are the foctors in the formation of black soil.
• They have the capacity to hold moisture contain lime, potash, etc and poor in phospheric acid contents.
• They develop deep cracks during summers which help in the content of proper aeration of the soil.
• Ideal for tea, coffee, cashews, etc.

Laterite soil:

• The word ‘Laterite’ is derived from the Latin word ‘later’ means brick.
• It is found in the areas of high temperature and heavy rain fall.
• Humus content is very low because most of the microorganisms like bacteria get destroyed drying summers.
• Ideal for growing tree, coffee and cashew nuts.

Arid soils:

• They are of red to brown in colors.
• They re sandy and saline.
• Due to the dry climate and high temperature, the soil lacks of humus and moisture. They are found in the areas like western rajasthan.

Forest soils:

• Forest soils are found in the hilly and mountainous areas.
• In the snow covered areas of the Himalayas, the soil experiences denudation.
• They are acidic and has low humus content.

Soil Erosion:

The denudation of the soil cover and its washing down is known as soil erosion.

• Human activities that cause soil erosion are deforestation, overgrazing, construction, mining, etc.
• Natural forces like wind, glaciers and water.

Kinds Of Erosion:

• Gully Erosion: Running water cuts through the soil and make deep channels. Soil becomes Uncultivable, known as bad.
• Sheet Erosion: Soil is removed in large areas in the form of sheet.
• Wind Erosion: Soil is removed at the time of heavy wind.

Measures Taken For Soil Conservation:

• Contour Ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines.
• Terrace Farming: Steps can be cut out on the slopes.
• Strip Cultivation: Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops.
• Shelter Belts: Trees are grown in rows.
• Stabilization of sand lines by planting thorny bushes.